Miller Kathleen E, Melnick Merrill J, Barnes Grace M, Sabo Don, Farrell Michael P
University at Buffalo.
J Youth Adolesc. 2007 Jul;36(5):711-723. doi: 10.1007/s10964-006-9123-9.
Athough conventional wisdom suggests that organized sport deters delinquency by building character, structuring adolescents' time, and providing incentives for socially approved behavior, the empirical evidence to date has been mixed. Based on a sample of approximately 600 Western New York adolescents, the present study examined how self-reported jock identity, school athlete status, and frequency of athletic activity differentially influenced a range of delinquent behaviors. Neither athlete status nor frequency of athletic activity predicted these behaviors; however, jock identity was associated with significantly more incidents of delinquency. This finding was robust across both gender and race. Follow-up analyses indicated that jock identity facilitated both minor and major delinquency, with major delinquency effects for white but not black adolescents.
尽管传统观点认为，有组织的体育运动通过塑造品格、安排青少年的时间以及为社会认可的行为提供激励来预防犯罪，但迄今为止的实证证据并不一致。基于约600名纽约西部青少年的样本，本研究考察了自我报告的运动员身份、学校运动员身份以及体育活动频率如何不同地影响一系列犯罪行为。运动员身份和体育活动频率均无法预测这些行为；然而，运动员身份与显著更多的犯罪事件相关。这一发现在性别和种族方面都很稳健。后续分析表明，运动员身份助长了轻微和严重犯罪，对白人青少年有严重犯罪影响，对黑人青少年则不然。
