[学龄前和学龄学生中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行情况]

[Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among preschool- and school-aged pupils].

作者信息

Pavilonyte Zaneta, Kacerauskiene Justina, Budryte Brigita, Keizeris Tadas, Junevicius Jonas, Pavilonis Alvydas

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.

出版信息

Medicina (Kaunas). 2007;43(11):887-94.

PMID:18084147

Abstract

OBJECT

To determine the prevalence and incidence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among preschool- and school-aged pupils and susceptibility of these strains to antimicrobial materials.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A study of 243 preschool- and 300 school-aged pupils was conducted during 2003-2004. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was made with plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, beta-lactamase activity, phagotypes, and phage groups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 microg per disk and oxacillin 1 microg per disk).

RESULTS

A total of 292 (53.8%) Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and identified (113 (46.5%) from preschool- and 179 (59.7%) from school-aged pupils). The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among preschool-aged pupils varied from 46.5% to 47%. It increased to 59.0% (P>0.05) among schoolchildren aged from 11 to 15 years and to 73.0% (P<0.001) among schoolchildren aged from 16 to 19 years. Six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated: two (1.8%) of them were from preschool-aged and four (2.2%) from school-aged pupils. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with beta-lactamase activity increased from 70.7 to 76.6% in preschool-aged pupils, and it varied from 72.0 to 79.0% in school-aged pupils (P>0.05). Staphylococcus aureus strains of phage group II (32.2-43.4%) were prevailing; nontypable Staphylococcus aureus strains made up 19.2-33.6%.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among preschool-aged children is 41.7 to 48.8%, and it increases among 9th-12th-grade pupils (73.0%, P<0.001). Some Staphylococcus aureus strains (2.1%) were resistant to methicillin. Staphylococcus aureus strains of phage group II (39.0%, P<0.05) are most prevalent among preschool- and school-aged pupils. Pupils were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains belonging to phage group III phagotype 83A and 77.

摘要

目的

确定学龄前和学龄期学生中金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的流行率和发病率，以及这些菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。

材料与方法

在2003年至2004年期间对243名学龄前儿童和300名学龄期学生进行了一项研究。通过血浆凝固酶和DNA酶试验鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌。测定金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的耐药性、β-内酰胺酶活性、噬菌体型别和噬菌体组。使用市售药敏纸片（Oxoid）（每片含5微克甲氧西林和1微克苯唑西林）通过纸片扩散法对分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行耐甲氧西林检测。

结果

共分离并鉴定出292株（53.8%）金黄色葡萄球菌（学龄前儿童中分离出113株（46.5%），学龄期学生中分离出179株（59.7%））。学龄前儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的流行率在46.5%至47%之间。在11至15岁的学童中增至59.0%（P>0.05），在16至19岁的学童中增至73.0%（P<0.001）。分离出6株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株：其中2株（1.8%）来自学龄前儿童，4株（2.2%）来自学龄期学生。具有β-内酰胺酶活性的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的流行率在学龄前儿童中从70.7%增至76.6%，在学龄期学生中在72.0%至79.0%之间（P>0.05）。II型噬菌体组的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株占主导（32.2%至43.4%）；不可分型的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株占19.2%至33.6%。

结论

学龄前儿童中金黄色葡萄球菌的流行率为41.7%至48.8%，在9至12年级学生中有所增加（73.0%，P<0.001）。一些金黄色葡萄球菌菌株（2.1%）对甲氧西林耐药。II型噬菌体组的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株在学龄前和学龄期学生中最为常见（39.0%，P<0.05）。学生被属于III型噬菌体83A和77噬菌体型别的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株定植。