Moseng Ole Georg
Institutt for sykepleievitenskap og helsefag Universitetet i Oslo Postboks 1153 Blindern 0318 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007 Dec 13;127(24):3272-5.
Speculations have arisen about the black plague in recent years - was it a disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS: or something else? Extensive outbreaks in India in the 1890s have formed the basis for descriptions of the plague, both for those who believe that the medieval plagues and modern plague were different diseases and for those who claim that the plague has been one and the same disease throughout history. The plague was more or less defined as a disease in the 1890s, and the understanding of its clinical course and dissemination at the time has uncritically been understood as the general model for spreading of the plague. But plague is a many-faceted disease. It has spread to five continents in modern times, through an array of ecosystems and under widely different climatic conditions. It can also be passed on to man, and from one individual to another, in different ways. The biological conditions that prevailed in India have not been relevant for medieval Norway. The preconditions for spreading of plague epidemics of the past in a Nordic climate must therefore have been different. It can only be expected that contemporary descriptions of historic epidemics are different from those in modern times.
近年来,人们对黑死病产生了种种猜测——它是由鼠疫耶尔森菌引起的疾病,还是其他什么病因?19世纪90年代印度的大规模疫情成为了鼠疫描述的基础,无论是对于那些认为中世纪鼠疫和现代鼠疫是不同疾病的人,还是那些声称鼠疫在历史上一直是同一种疾病的人来说。鼠疫在19世纪90年代或多或少被定义为一种疾病,而当时对其临床病程和传播方式的理解被不加批判地视为鼠疫传播的一般模式。但鼠疫是一种多面性的疾病。在现代,它已传播到五大洲,通过一系列生态系统,且处于广泛不同的气候条件下。它还能以不同方式传染给人类,并在人与人之间传播。印度当时存在的生物学条件与中世纪的挪威并无关联。因此,过去鼠疫疫情在北欧气候下传播的先决条件肯定有所不同。可以预料,对历史疫情的当代描述与现代的描述会有所不同。