Hargreaves Duane A, Tiggemann Marika
School of Psychology, Flinders University of South Australia, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia.
Body Image. 2004 Dec;1(4):351-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.10.002. Epub 2004 Dec 8.
Sociocultural theories of body image suggest that body dissatisfaction results from unrealistic societal beauty ideals, and one way of transmitting these ideals is through the mass media. The present research aimed to examine the effect of exposure to images of idealized beauty in the media on adolescent girls' and boys' body image. The participants (595 adolescents) viewed television commercials containing either images of the thin ideal for women, images of the muscular ideal for men, or non-appearance television commercials. Body dissatisfaction was measured before and after commercial viewing. It was found that exposure to idealized commercials led to increased body dissatisfaction for girls but not for boys. Idealized commercials led to increased negative mood and appearance comparison for girls and boys, although the effect on appearance comparison was stronger for girls. Further, participants high on appearance investment reported greater appearance comparison after viewing idealized commercials than those less strongly invested in their appearance. The results suggest the immediate impact of the media on body image is both stronger and more normative for girls than for boys, but that some boys may also be affected.
身体形象的社会文化理论表明，身体不满源于不切实际的社会审美理想，而传播这些理想的一种方式是通过大众媒体。本研究旨在考察接触媒体中理想化美的形象对青少年女孩和男孩身体形象的影响。参与者（595名青少年）观看了包含女性瘦美理想形象、男性肌肉美理想形象的电视广告，或无人物出现的电视广告。在观看广告前后测量身体不满程度。研究发现，接触理想化广告会导致女孩身体不满增加，但男孩不会。理想化广告导致女孩和男孩的负面情绪和外貌比较增加，尽管对外貌比较的影响对女孩更强。此外，外貌投入高的参与者在观看理想化广告后报告的外貌比较比那些对外貌投入不那么强烈的参与者更多。结果表明，媒体对身体形象的即时影响对女孩比对男孩更强且更具普遍性，但一些男孩也可能受到影响。
