Sulmasy Daniel P
St. Vincent's Hospital, Manhattan, New York 10011, USA.
South Med J. 2007 Dec;100(12):1223-8. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31815a9784.
Based on arguments from theology and the philosophy of science, a miracle may be defined as: (1) a real, individual event, the occurrence of which must be (or must have been), at least in principle, susceptible to empirical verification; (2) an event which must be extremely unusual or historically unprecedented from the perspective of empirical scientific knowledge; (3) must evoke widespread wonder; (4) must be something freely given by God and not conjured; (5) must be understood as a special sign from God that transcends the bare facts of the case and communicates a spiritual message; and (6) must have been affirmed as a miracle by the community of believers to whom the message of the miracle must be addressed, at least indirectly.
基于神学和科学哲学的观点，奇迹可被定义为：（1）一个真实的、个体的事件，其发生至少在原则上必须（或必定曾经）能够接受经验验证；（2）从经验科学知识的角度来看，该事件必须极其罕见或史无前例；（3）必须引发广泛的惊叹；（4）必须是上帝自由赐予而非人为编造的；（5）必须被理解为上帝发出的特殊信号，它超越了事件本身的简单事实并传达了一种精神信息；（6）必须被奇迹信息所针对的信徒群体（至少是间接地）确认为奇迹。
