Grigorenko Elena L
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007 Dec;28(6):478-86. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31811ff895.
Disorders of spoken and written language (DSWL) tend to overlap at multiple levels: manifestationally, procedurally, developmentally, and etiologically. In other words, these disorders exhibit a positive manifold of correlations expressed among their different procedural components and in prospective, concurrent, and retrospective comorbidity. There is no single accepted explanation for this positive manifold of correlations. The purpose of this article is to explore this multilayer overlap and to consider whether such a positive manifold can be explained by one or all of the three hypotheses delineated in the article.
口语和书面语言障碍（DSWL）在多个层面往往相互重叠：在表现形式、过程、发展和病因方面。换句话说，这些障碍在其不同的过程组成部分之间以及在预期、并发和回顾性共病中表现出一系列正相关关系。对于这种正相关关系的多重性，目前尚无单一公认的解释。本文的目的是探讨这种多层次的重叠，并考虑这种正相关关系的多重性是否可以由本文所阐述的三个假设中的一个或全部来解释。
