Luque Melchor E, Crespo Pilar M, Mónaco María E, Aybar Manuel J, Daniotti José L, Sánchez Sara S
CONICET, UNT, INSIBIO, Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
Dev Dyn. 2008 Jan;237(1):112-23. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.21406.
Gangliosides are a subfamily of complex glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with important roles in many biological processes. In this study, we report the cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and the spatial and temporal expression of Xlcgt and Xlgd3 synthase during Xenopus laevis development. Xlcgt was expressed both maternally and zigotically persisting at least until stage 35. Maternal Xlgd3 synthase mRNA could not be detected and showed a steady-state expression from gastrula to late tailbud stage. Xlcgt is mainly present in involuted paraxial mesoderm, neural folds, and their derivatives. Xlgd3 synthase transcripts were detected in the dorsal blastoporal lip, in the presumptive neuroectoderm, and later in the head region, branchial arches, otic and optic primordia. We determined the effect of glycosphingolipid depletion with 1-phenyl-2-palmitoyl-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP) in mesodermal layer. PPMP-injected embryos showed altered expression domains in the mesodermal markers. Our results suggest that GSL are involved in convergent-extension movements during early development in Xenopus.
神经节苷脂是复合糖鞘脂（GSLs）的一个亚家族，在许多生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。在本研究中，我们报告了非洲爪蟾发育过程中Xlcgt和Xlgd3合酶的cDNA克隆、功能特性以及时空表达情况。Xlcgt在母源和合子阶段均有表达，至少持续到35期。未检测到母源Xlgd3合酶mRNA，其在原肠胚到尾芽后期呈现稳定状态表达。Xlcgt主要存在于内卷的轴旁中胚层、神经褶及其衍生物中。在背侧胚孔唇、假定的神经外胚层以及随后的头部区域、鳃弓、耳和眼原基中检测到Xlgd3合酶转录本。我们确定了用1-苯基-2-棕榈酰-3-吗啉代-1-丙醇（PPMP）消耗糖鞘脂对中胚层的影响。注射PPMP的胚胎在中胚层标记物中显示出表达域的改变。我们的结果表明，GSL在非洲爪蟾早期发育过程中的汇聚延伸运动中发挥作用。
