Control of type-I diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

Type-I diabetes mellitus is a serious risk factor in pregnancy. To reduce the chance of congenital defects, macrosomia, intrauterine death and neonatal morbidity, tight control of glucose has to be achieved before and during pregnancy. Disadvantage of this tight regimen is an increase of retinopathy of the mother in good controlled cases of diabetes mellitus. Waiting for spontaneous labour is possible in combination with fetal surveillance by cardiotocography.