Sasikala-Appukuttan A K, Schingoethe D J, Hippen A R, Kalscheur K F, Karges K, Gibson M L
Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0647, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jan;91(1):279-87. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0250.
Fifteen Holstein cows (10 multiparous and 5 primiparous) in early to mid lactation (79.3 +/- 9.2 d in milk) were used in a multiple 5 x 5 Latin square design with 4-wk periods to evaluate and compare the use of condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in the total mixed ration. The forage portion of the diets was kept constant at 27.5% corn silage and 27.5% alfalfa hay (dry matter basis). Diets were 1) 0% distillers grains products (control); 2) 18.5% DDGS; 3) 10% CCDS; 4) 20% CCDS; and 5) a combination diet of 18.5% DDGS with 10% CCDS. Diets 2 and 3 contained 2% fat from DDGS or CCDS, whereas diet 4 contained 4% fat from CCDS and diet 5 contained 4% fat from the blend of DDGS and CCDS. The diets were balanced to provide 17% crude protein with variation in acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and fat concentration. Dry matter intake (21.5 kg/d) was similar for all diets. Milk yield (33.8, 36.2, 35.5, 36.0, and 36.0 kg/d) tended to be greater for diets 2 to 5 than for diet 1, whereas yields of fat (1.04 kg/d), protein (1.02 kg/d), fat percentage (2.94), and protein percentage (2.98) were similar for all diets. Energy-corrected milk (32.2 kg/d) and feed efficiency (1.58 kg of energy-corrected milk/kg of dry matter intake) were similar for all diets. Milk urea nitrogen (15.0, 10.9, 11.1, 11.0, and 11.4 mg/dL) as well as blood urea nitrogen (15.6, 12.5, 14.6, 13.8, and 14.2 mg/dL) were decreased in diets 2 to 5 compared with diet 1. Milk concentrations of long-chain fatty acids as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids were greater and medium-chain fatty acid concentrations were lower for diets 2 to 5 compared with diet 1. Concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 0.33, 0.68, 0.51, 0.85, and 1.07 g/100 g of fatty acids) as well as trans-10, cis-12 CLA (<0.01, 0.01, <0.01, 0.02, and 0.02 g/100 g of fatty acids) were greater for diets 2 to 5 compared with diet 1. Molar proportions of ruminal acetate decreased and propionate increased for diets 2 to 5 compared with diet 1. The results showed that CCDS is as effective as DDGS in replacing soybean meal and corn grain in the total mixed ration.
选用15头处于泌乳早期至中期（产奶79.3±9.2天）的荷斯坦奶牛（10头经产牛和5头初产牛），采用多5×5拉丁方设计，每期4周，以评估和比较在全混合日粮中使用玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（CCDS）和干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）的效果。日粮中的粗饲料部分保持恒定，为27.5%的玉米青贮和27.5%的苜蓿干草（干物质基础）。日粮分别为：1）0%酒糟产品（对照）；2）18.5% DDGS；3）10% CCDS；4）20% CCDS；5）18.5% DDGS与10% CCDS的组合日粮。日粮2和3含有来自DDGS或CCDS的2%脂肪，而日粮4含有来自CCDS的4%脂肪，日粮5含有来自DDGS和CCDS混合物的4%脂肪。日粮经过平衡，以提供17%的粗蛋白，同时酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和脂肪浓度有所变化。所有日粮的干物质采食量（21.5千克/天）相似。日粮2至5的产奶量（33.8、36.2、35.5、36.0和36.0千克/天）往往高于日粮1，而所有日粮的脂肪产量（1.04千克/天）、蛋白质产量（1.02千克/天）、脂肪百分比（2.94）和蛋白质百分比（2.98）相似。所有日粮的能量校正奶量（32.2千克/天）和饲料效率（1.58千克能量校正奶/千克干物质采食量）相似。与日粮1相比，日粮2至5的牛奶尿素氮（15.0、10.9、11.1、11.0和11.4毫克/分升）以及血液尿素氮（15.6、12.5、14.6、13.8和14.2毫克/分升）均有所降低。与日粮1相比，日粮2至5的长链脂肪酸以及多不饱和脂肪酸的牛奶浓度更高，中链脂肪酸浓度更低。日粮2至5的顺-9，反-11共轭亚油酸（CLA；0.33、0.68、0.51、0.85和1.07克/100克脂肪酸）以及反-10，顺-12 CLA（<0.01、0.01、<0.01、0.02和0.02克/100克脂肪酸）浓度均高于日粮1。与日粮1相比，日粮2至5的瘤胃乙酸摩尔比例降低，丙酸比例增加。结果表明，在全混合日粮中，CCDS在替代豆粕和玉米谷物方面与DDGS同样有效。
