Guz Katarzyna, Bugla-Płoskońska Gabriela
Zakład Mikrobiologii, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2007 Dec 17;61:828-37.
One of the major achievements in modern medicine has been the development of research into antimicrobial agents. These drugs are now widely used in the treatment of human and animal infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. However, some antibacterial agents, mainly macrolides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, have both anti-inflammatory and immunomodalotory properties. They can down-regulate prolonged inflammation, increase mucus clearance, prevent bacterial biofilm formation, and stimulate or impair the activation of the host immune system. It is possible that these drugs are able in modify phagocyte activity by altering their functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, bacterial killing, and cytokine production). In addition, some antibiotics influence the biology of bacteria; they alter their metabolism, morphology, and antigenicity and inhibit the production of various virulence factors. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of antibiotics can occasionally be therapeutically useful in the treatment of chronic, noninfectious disorders, such as rheumatism, asthma, and other immunological diseases.
现代医学的主要成就之一是抗菌药物研究的发展。这些药物目前广泛用于治疗由细菌病原体引起的人类和动物传染病。然而，一些抗菌剂，主要是大环内酯类、四环素类和磺胺类，具有抗炎和免疫调节特性。它们可以下调持续性炎症，增加黏液清除，防止细菌生物膜形成，并刺激或损害宿主免疫系统的激活。这些药物有可能通过改变吞噬细胞的功能（趋化性、吞噬作用、氧化爆发、细菌杀伤和细胞因子产生）来改变其活性。此外，一些抗生素会影响细菌的生物学特性；它们会改变细菌的代谢、形态和抗原性，并抑制各种毒力因子的产生。抗生素的免疫调节和抗炎特性偶尔在治疗慢性非感染性疾病，如风湿病、哮喘和其他免疫性疾病方面具有治疗作用。
