Horstmann D M
Department of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Yale J Biol Med. 1991 Sep-Oct;64(5):499-512.
Widespread use of the Sabin live attenuated poliovirus vaccine has had tremendous impact on the disease worldwide, virtually eliminating it from a number of countries, including the United States. Early proof of its safety and effectiveness was presented in 1959 by Russian investigators, who had staged massive trials in the USSR, involving millions of children. Their positive results were at first viewed in the United States and elsewhere with some skepticism, but the World Health Organization favored proceeding with large-scale trials, and responded to the claims made by Russian scientists by sending a representative to the USSR to review in detail the design and execution of the vaccine programs and the reliability of their results. The report that followed was a positive endorsement of the findings and contributed to the acceptance of the Sabin vaccine in the United States, where it has been the polio vaccine of choice since the mid-1960s.
萨宾减毒活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的广泛使用对全球该疾病产生了巨大影响，实际上已在包括美国在内的许多国家消灭了脊髓灰质炎。1959年，俄罗斯研究人员展示了该疫苗安全性和有效性的早期证据，他们在前苏联进行了大规模试验，涉及数百万儿童。他们的阳性结果起初在美国和其他地方受到一些怀疑，但世界卫生组织倾向于进行大规模试验，并派代表前往苏联，详细审查疫苗计划的设计和实施情况以及结果的可靠性，以此回应俄罗斯科学家的说法。随后的报告对这些发现给予了积极认可，并促使萨宾疫苗在美国被接受，自20世纪60年代中期以来，它一直是美国首选的脊髓灰质炎疫苗。
