Vozenílková H, Tmĕjová M, Srb V, Kubzová E, Rössner P, Pohlovä H, Zudová Z, Polák J, Chýlková V, Turková M
Krajská hygienická stanice, Hradec Králové.
Sb Ved Pr Lek Fak Karlovy Univerzity Hradci Kralove Suppl. 1991;34(4):407-76.
During the period of 1983-1985, in two of apprentice schools of P. town the health disorders were investigated in the total of 82 apprentices 15-18 years old from the environment with elevated concentrations of formaldehyde and toluene. The study was contrasted with a control total of 42 apprentices. Cytogenetical examination has been performed, and selected immunological parameters in both blood serum and saliva have been assessed with red and white blood cells counts including differential formula of white blood cells. In addition, the atmospheric toxicity of formaldehyde and vapours of organic solvents (toluene, xylene, varnish naphtha) was measured. A single biological exposure test has been performed for the detection toluene. Statistically significant were differences in occurrence of cell chromosomal aberrations between the group of long term formaldehyde and toluene exposure (averagely 3.53% ABB) and controls (2.21% ABB) as obtained in 1983 and 1984, and so were differences between the long term-to-toluene exposed group (3.30% ABB) and the above mentioned control group as obtained in 1984. No similar results were stated between the long term-to-formaldehyde exposed (3.07% ABB) and control (2.55% ABB) groups in 1985. The main evidence consisted in finding the genotoxical/clastogenic effect of observed agents associated with mainly chromosomal abnormalities of chromatide type. It outflowed from the determination of selected serum proteins (Ig and acute phase proteins) and salivary lysozyme that the group under the combined influence of formaldehyde and toluene showed significantly lower IgG and higher alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The group at risk of toluene was characteristical in elevated concentrations of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and A1AT. Most pronounced changes in first year had been revealed through the evaluation of the influence of the duration at risk (significant decrease in IgA and prealbumin, and the increase in A2M and A1AT). The infectious disease as experienced 2 month prior the collection resulted in a significant decrease of IgM, A2M and A1AT in risky groups in individuals with infection in anamnesis. Salivary lysozyme concentration of apprentice environmentally exposed to formaldehyde in the noon showed the decrease, whereas its increase occurred in controls with the difference on 5% significancy level. Blood count assessements showed no significant differences between the investigated values as well as any were assessed between the incidence of health disorders of apprentices and their correspondance to the given group.
1983年至1985年期间，在P镇的两所学徒学校，对来自甲醛和甲苯浓度升高环境的82名15至18岁学徒的健康问题进行了调查。该研究与42名学徒的对照组进行了对比。进行了细胞遗传学检查，并评估了血清和唾液中选定的免疫参数，包括红细胞和白细胞计数以及白细胞分类公式。此外，还测量了甲醛和有机溶剂（甲苯、二甲苯、清漆石脑油）的大气毒性。对甲苯进行了单次生物暴露测试。1983年和1984年，长期接触甲醛和甲苯的组（平均3.53%的染色体畸变率）与对照组（2.21%的染色体畸变率）之间在细胞染色体畸变发生率上存在统计学显著差异，1984年长期接触甲苯的组（3.30%的染色体畸变率）与上述对照组之间也存在差异。1985年，长期接触甲醛的组（3.07%的染色体畸变率）与对照组（2.55%的染色体畸变率）之间未得出类似结果。主要证据在于发现观察到的物质具有基因毒性/断裂作用，主要与染色单体类型的染色体异常有关。从选定的血清蛋白（免疫球蛋白和急性期蛋白）和唾液溶菌酶的测定结果来看，受甲醛和甲苯联合影响的组显示出显著较低的IgG和较高的α-1-抗胰蛋白酶（A1AT）。甲苯风险组的特征是α-2-巨球蛋白（A2M）和A1AT浓度升高。通过评估风险持续时间的影响（IgA和前白蛋白显著降低，A2M和A1AT升高），发现第一年变化最为明显。在收集样本前2个月经历过传染病的个体中，有感染史的风险组的IgM、A2M和A1AT显著降低。中午环境暴露于甲醛的学徒的唾液溶菌酶浓度降低，而对照组则升高，差异具有5%的显著性水平。血细胞计数评估显示，所研究的值之间没有显著差异，学徒健康问题的发生率与其所属组之间也没有进行任何评估。
