Donkin P, Widdows J, Evans S V, Brinsley M D
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, West Hoe, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 1991 Dec;109-110:461-76. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90201-o.
The marine environment is contaminated with many organic compounds, some of which induce deleterious responses in biota. Biological impact can be assessed by measuring the physiological responses of mussels, though the task of establishing which of the bioaccumulated compounds cause the observed effects is complex. To facilitate this task, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the physiological responses are being established. In this paper, the responsiveness of ciliary feeding to alkanes and benzene-substituted alkanes is described and compared with a QSAR established previously for aromatic compounds. Most of the test compounds with aqueous solubilities greater than 70 micrograms dm-3 were toxic to feeding activity when bioaccumulated to similar concentrations, whereas compounds of lower solubility were less toxic. The only exceptions were the polyaromatic hydrocarbons pyrene and fluoranthene, which were less toxic than predicted from their solubility. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the toxicity cut-off is due to solubility-related phenomena, the effect perhaps being enhanced for aromatic hydrocarbons dosed near to their solubility limits, by sequestration of crystals within the mussel tissues. These observations indicate that many organic contaminants detected by chemical analysis of mussels have no direct effect on filter feeding, whereas the less frequently determined volatile compounds are toxic.
海洋环境受到许多有机化合物的污染，其中一些会对生物群产生有害影响。虽然确定生物累积的化合物中哪些会导致观察到的影响是一项复杂的任务，但可以通过测量贻贝的生理反应来评估生物影响。为便于完成这项任务，正在建立生理反应的定量构效关系（QSAR）。本文描述了纤毛摄食对烷烃和苯取代烷烃的反应性，并与先前建立的芳香族化合物的QSAR进行了比较。当生物累积到相似浓度时，大多数水溶性大于70微克/立方分米的受试化合物对摄食活动有毒，而溶解度较低的化合物毒性较小。唯一的例外是多环芳烃芘和荧蒽，它们的毒性低于根据其溶解度预测的毒性。这些数据与毒性临界值是由溶解度相关现象导致的假设一致，对于接近其溶解度极限剂量的芳烃，由于贻贝组织内晶体的隔离，这种影响可能会增强。这些观察结果表明，通过对贻贝进行化学分析检测到的许多有机污染物对滤食没有直接影响，而较少测定的挥发性化合物则具有毒性。
