Coyle Nessa
Pain and Palliative Care Service, Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. USA.
Oncology (Williston Park). 2006 Sep;20(10 Suppl Nurse Ed):41-9; discussion 49.
The high prevalence of pain in the cancer population underscores why pain management is integral to comprehensive cancer care. How well pain is controlled can have a profound effect on the cancer experience for both patient and family. The goals of pain assessment are to prevent pain if possible, and to identify pain immediately should it occur. This can be facilitated by standardized screening of all cancer patients for pain, on a routine basis, across care settings. A comprehensive assessment of pain follows if a patient reports pain that is not being adequately managed. Oncology nurses play a huge role in pain assessment and management throughout the course of a patient's disease. A basic understanding of the types of pain seen in the cancer population as well as inferred neurophysiologic pain mechanisms and temporal patterns of pain can help focus the pain assessment. This in turn will lead to targeted pain management strategies.
癌症患者中疼痛的高发生率凸显了疼痛管理为何是综合癌症护理不可或缺的一部分。疼痛控制得如何会对患者及其家人的癌症体验产生深远影响。疼痛评估的目标是尽可能预防疼痛，并在疼痛出现时立即识别。这可以通过在所有护理环境中对所有癌症患者进行常规的标准化疼痛筛查来实现。如果患者报告疼痛未得到充分管理，则需进行全面的疼痛评估。肿瘤护理人员在患者疾病全过程的疼痛评估和管理中发挥着巨大作用。对癌症患者中出现的疼痛类型、推断的神经生理疼痛机制以及疼痛的时间模式有基本了解，有助于聚焦疼痛评估。这反过来又会导向有针对性的疼痛管理策略。
