Nichols Karen J, Galluzzi Katherine E, Bates Bruce, Husted Benneth A, Leleszi Jimmie P, Simon Kenneth, Lavery Dennis, Cass Cleanne
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005 Mar;105(3 Suppl 1):S2-5.
A number of organizations have advised against the use of placebo substitution, including the American Pain Society, Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research, World Health Organization, Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, Education for Physicians on End-of-Life Care Project (cosponsored by the American Medical Association and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation), American Nursing Association, and the American Society of Pain Management Nurses. This white paper describes the literature and rationale in support of the American Osteopathic Association's (AOA's) position on the controversial subject of the use of placebos for pain management in terminally ill patients.
包括美国疼痛协会、医疗保健政策与研究机构、世界卫生组织、医疗保健机构认证计划、医疗保健组织认证联合委员会、临终关怀医师教育项目（由美国医学协会和罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会共同赞助）、美国护士协会以及美国疼痛管理护士协会在内的一些组织都反对使用安慰剂替代疗法。本白皮书阐述了支持美国 osteopathic 协会（AOA）在绝症患者疼痛管理中使用安慰剂这一争议性问题上立场的文献及理论依据。
