Taubøll Erik, Røste Line Sveberg, Svalheim Sigrid, Gjerstad Leif
Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Rikshospitalet Medical Centre, 0027 Oslo, Norway.
Seizure. 2008 Mar;17(2):120-6. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.11.008. Epub 2007 Dec 26.
Several animal studies have shown that both the epilepsy itself and many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) affect reproductive endocrine function in both males and females. Epileptic activity may lead to arrested ovarian cyclicity, anovulatory cycles, polycystic ovaries, and endocrine changes in female animals. In males, seizures disturb normal reproductive physiology by inducing endocrine changes, alterations in gonadal size, and hyposexuality. Several AEDs also affect endocrine function, fertility, and gonadal morphology in both sexes. This paper reviews the literature regarding animal studies related to reproductive disorders in epilepsy. Although care should always be taken when applying data from animal experiments to the human situation, animal models provide a unique possibility for investigating the independent effects of the epilepsy itself and the effects of AEDs in isolation, without confounding factors. By constantly comparing results from clinical and animal studies, and by developing appropriate animal models, several mechanistic questions regarding the complex interplay between epilepsy, hormones, and AEDs can be explored. Animal experiments should play an integral part in the study of reproductive endocrine disorders in epilepsy.
多项动物研究表明，癫痫本身以及许多抗癫痫药物（AEDs）都会影响雄性和雌性动物的生殖内分泌功能。癫痫活动可能导致雌性动物卵巢周期性变化停止、无排卵周期、多囊卵巢以及内分泌改变。在雄性动物中，癫痫发作会通过引起内分泌变化、性腺大小改变和性欲减退来干扰正常的生殖生理。几种AEDs也会影响两性的内分泌功能、生育能力和性腺形态。本文综述了有关癫痫生殖障碍的动物研究文献。尽管将动物实验数据应用于人类情况时应始终谨慎，但动物模型为研究癫痫本身的独立影响以及AEDs的单独影响提供了独特的可能性，而不存在混杂因素。通过不断比较临床和动物研究的结果，并开发合适的动物模型，可以探索一些关于癫痫、激素和AEDs之间复杂相互作用的机制问题。动物实验应在癫痫生殖内分泌障碍的研究中发挥不可或缺的作用。
