Jang Yun Jung, Kim Mi Hyun, Nam Seok Hyun, Kang Mi Young
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):608-14. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2006.227.
We investigated the effect of solid-state fermented rice cultured with Basidiomycota (sangwhang) and Monascus ruber on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. Forty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high cholesterol diets in which carbohydrate sources in the treatment groups consisted of non-fermented rice and sangwhang or M. ruber rice at 80% and 20%, respectively, for 5 weeks. Supplementation with sangwhang and M. ruber rice had no effect on growth and food intakes in high-cholesterol-fed rats. The plasma triglyceride concentration was not significantly different among the groups. Supplementation with M. ruber rice resulted in lower plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations and atherogenic index compared to the control group, while the plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration was elevated. In addition, fermented rice cultured with M. ruber-supplemented animals had greater bile acid excretion. The M. ruber groups had significantly lower plasma and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances than the control group. Moreover, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly higher in the M. ruber group. In conclusion, fermented rice, especially M. ruber rice, was very effective for improving the lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress by up-regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes in high-cholesterol-fed rats.
我们研究了用担子菌（桑黄）和红曲霉菌固态发酵培养的大米对脂质代谢和抗氧化活性的影响。将40只4周龄的雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠喂食高胆固醇饮食，其中治疗组的碳水化合物来源分别由80%的未发酵大米和20%的桑黄或红曲霉菌大米组成，持续5周。在高胆固醇喂养的大鼠中，补充桑黄和红曲霉菌大米对生长和食物摄入量没有影响。各组之间的血浆甘油三酯浓度没有显著差异。与对照组相比，补充红曲霉菌大米导致血浆和肝脏胆固醇浓度以及动脉粥样硬化指数降低，而血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高。此外，用红曲霉菌培养的发酵大米补充动物的胆汁酸排泄量更大。红曲霉菌组的血浆和肝脏中硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质的水平明显低于对照组。此外，红曲霉菌组的肝脏抗氧化酶活性，包括过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶，明显更高。总之，发酵大米，尤其是红曲霉菌大米，通过上调高胆固醇喂养大鼠的肝脏抗氧化酶，对改善脂质代谢和降低氧化应激非常有效。
