Molecular targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma.

New advances in technology to directly target specific molecular events in the proliferation of cancer have led to promising results in renal cell carcinoma. Response rates in excess of 70% and complete responses in advanced (metastatic) renal cell carcinoma have caused a change in the paradigm of treatment from immunotherapy. Toxicities are significant, but manageable and pushing the toxicity to tolerability may increase the response rate.