Mayer Robert D, Howard Fred M
Department of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2008 Jan;5(1):107-13. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.10.063.
Voiding dysfunction, which includes incontinence, retention, and chronic pelvic pain, is a relatively frequent problem that can be difficult to manage. Neuromodulation via stimulation of the sacral nerves has been shown to improve these symptoms, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Techniques for nerve stimulation may vary, depending on the disease, location of pain, and the patient's anatomy. In addition to placement of electrodes on the sacral nerve roots, modulation has also been reported by peripheral branches of the sacral nerves including the pudendal and posterior tibial nerves. Newer surgical techniques have significantly decreased the morbidity of the procedures and increased the probability of a successful outcome.
排尿功能障碍，包括尿失禁、尿潴留和慢性盆腔疼痛，是一个相对常见但难以处理的问题。尽管确切机制尚不清楚，但通过刺激骶神经进行神经调节已被证明可改善这些症状。神经刺激技术可能因疾病、疼痛部位和患者解剖结构而异。除了在骶神经根上放置电极外，也有报道称通过骶神经的外周分支（包括阴部神经和胫后神经）进行调节。更新的手术技术显著降低了手术的发病率，并提高了成功的概率。
