Fredrickson M, Tuomisto M, Bergman-Losman B
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Psychophysiology. 1991 Nov;28(6):656-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01010.x.
Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity was studied in healthy middle-aged individuals whose parental history included essential hypertension and/or myocardial infarction and a control group without parental history of cardiovascular disease. All subjects completed a rest session (1 hour) and a stress session (1 hour). The stress session included behavioral (mirror image tracing, mental arithmetic, and the Stroop color word conflict test) and physical stressors (the cold pressor test and isometric exercise). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate were recorded at baseline before and during all stressors. Specimens for determination of urinary catecholamines and cortisol were sampled after the rest and stress sessions respectively. Generally, a parental history of hypertension but not of myocardial infarction influenced neuroendocrine and cardiovascular stress reactivity. A family history of hypertension was associated with exaggerated epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol excretion during stress and with enhanced heart-rate reactivity to behavioral (mental arithmetic and mirror image tracing) but not to physical stressors (isometric exercise or the cold pressor test). We conclude that individuals with a family history of hypertension tend to display exaggerated cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactivity to stress.
对有原发性高血压和/或心肌梗死家族史的健康中年个体以及无心血管疾病家族史的对照组进行了神经内分泌和心血管应激反应性研究。所有受试者均完成了一次休息时段（1小时）和一次应激时段（1小时）。应激时段包括行为应激源（镜像追踪、心算和斯特鲁普色词冲突测试）和身体应激源（冷加压试验和等长运动）。在所有应激源之前和期间的基线状态下记录收缩压、舒张压和心率。分别在休息时段和应激时段后采集用于测定尿儿茶酚胺和皮质醇的样本。一般来说，有高血压家族史而非心肌梗死家族史会影响神经内分泌和心血管应激反应性。高血压家族史与应激期间肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和皮质醇排泄增加以及对行为应激源（心算和镜像追踪）而非身体应激源（等长运动或冷加压试验）的心率反应增强有关。我们得出结论，有高血压家族史的个体往往对应激表现出夸大的心血管和神经内分泌反应。
