Danovitch Judith H, Keil Frank C
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
Dev Sci. 2008 Jan;11(1):33-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00657.x.
Three experiments investigated whether children in grades K, 2, and 4 (n = 144) view emotional comprehension as important in solving moral dilemmas. The experiments asked whether a human or an artificially intelligent machine would be best at solving different types of problems, ranging from moral and emotional to nonmoral and pragmatic. In Experiment 1, children in all age groups indicated that a human would be superior to a computer not only at comprehending emotions, but also at solving moral dilemmas. In Experiment 2, older children also indicated that a human could solve moral dilemmas better than a 'robot' with human-like perceptual and physical abilities. Experiment 3 further demonstrated that these effects were not solely due to a bias towards humans. Thus, children as young as age 5 view emotional understanding as an important element for moral, but not for nonmoral, reasoning, suggesting that the basis for Humean intuitions emerges early in life.
三项实验探究了幼儿园、二年级和四年级的儿童（n = 144）是否认为情感理解在解决道德困境中很重要。实验询问人类或人工智能机器在解决不同类型的问题上是否最出色，这些问题涵盖从道德和情感问题到非道德和实用问题。在实验1中，所有年龄组的儿童都表明，人类不仅在理解情感方面优于计算机，而且在解决道德困境方面也更胜一筹。在实验2中，年龄较大的儿童还表明，人类比具有类人感知和身体能力的“机器人”能更好地解决道德困境。实验3进一步证明，这些影响并非仅仅是由于对人类的偏好。因此，年仅5岁的儿童就将情感理解视为道德推理而非非道德推理的重要因素，这表明休谟式直觉的基础在生命早期就已出现。
