Usui Takashi
Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2007 Dec;30(6):419-27. doi: 10.2177/jsci.30.419.
Antigen-specific CD4(+) helper T cell (Th cell) is a major player for acquired-immunity. Th cell distribute in the peripheral tissues after educations and selections in the thymus. By stimulation from antigen presenting cell (APC), Th cell differentiate into at least three types of effector Th cells by the cytokine environments and the kinds of co-stimulatory molecules on APC. One is Th1 cell which produces IFN-gamma mainly, and another is Th2 cell which produces IL-4, 5 and 13 mainly, and finally recently defined Th17 cell which produces IL-17 mainly, and these cells are charged with the a role for "cellular", "hormoral" and "inflammatory" immunity respectively. IL-12, STAT4 and T-bet signals are important for Th1 differentiation, and IL-4, STAT6 andGATA3 signals are important for Th2 differentiation, and IL-1beta, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-23, STAT3, RORgammat signals are important for Th17 differentiation. This newly defined Th17 cell clearly makes a big progress for understanding the pathophysiology of many inflammatory conditions. In the near future, many biologics or compounds that regulate the production or function of IL-17 will be produced aggressively.
抗原特异性CD4(+)辅助性T细胞（Th细胞）是获得性免疫的主要参与者。Th细胞在胸腺中经过培育和选择后分布于外周组织。在抗原呈递细胞（APC）的刺激下，Th细胞根据细胞因子环境和APC上共刺激分子的种类分化为至少三种效应Th细胞。一种是主要产生干扰素-γ的Th1细胞，另一种是主要产生白细胞介素-4、5和13的Th2细胞，最后是最近定义的主要产生白细胞介素-17的Th17细胞，这些细胞分别在“细胞”、“体液”和“炎症”免疫中发挥作用。白细胞介素-12、信号转导和转录激活因子4（STAT4）以及T盒转录因子（T-bet）信号对Th1分化很重要，白细胞介素-4、STAT6以及GATA结合蛋白3（GATA3）信号对Th2分化很重要，白细胞介素-1β、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-23、STAT3、维甲酸相关孤儿受体γt（RORγt）信号对Th17分化很重要。这种新定义的Th17细胞在理解许多炎症性疾病的病理生理学方面显然取得了重大进展。在不久的将来，将会大力研发许多调节白细胞介素-17产生或功能的生物制剂或化合物。
