Borges Guilherme, Benjet Corina, Medina-Mora Maria Elena, Orozco Ricardo, Nock Matthew
Drs. Borges, Medina-Mora, and Benjet and Mr. Orozco are with the National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City; Dr. Borges is also with the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, and Dr. Nock is with the Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Drs. Borges, Medina-Mora, and Benjet and Mr. Orozco are with the National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City; Dr. Borges is also with the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, and Dr. Nock is with the Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;47(1):41-52. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31815896ad.
No representative data among adolescents in Mexico exist on the prevalence and risk factors for suicide ideation, plan, and attempt despite a recent increase in suicide deaths.
Data are presented from the Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey, a representative household survey of 3,005 adolescents ages 12 to 17 in metropolitan Mexico City who were gathered in 2005, regarding lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of suicide ideation, plan, and attempt and demographic and psychiatric disorders risk factors.
Lifetime ideation was reported by 11.5% of respondents, whereas 3.9% reported a lifetime plan and 3.1% a lifetime suicide attempt. Onset of suicidality started around age 10 and at age 15 showed the highest hazards. Suicide ideators were more likely to report a plan and attempt within the first year of onset of ideation. Suicidality was more likely to occur among females. The presence of one or more mental disorders was strongly related to suicide ideation, plan, and attempt. Among ideators only dysthymia was consistently related to a plan and attempt.
Intervention efforts should focus on assessment and target adolescents with mental disorders, particularly mood disorders, to be effective in prevention.
尽管墨西哥自杀死亡人数近期有所增加，但该国青少年中尚无关于自杀意念、计划和未遂情况的患病率及风险因素的代表性数据。
本文呈现了墨西哥青少年心理健康调查的数据，该调查是对2005年墨西哥城大都市区3005名12至17岁青少年进行的具有代表性的家庭调查，内容涉及自杀意念、计划和未遂情况的终生患病率及发病年龄分布，以及人口统计学和精神障碍风险因素。
11.5%的受访者报告有终生自杀意念，3.9%报告有终生自杀计划，3.1%报告有终生自杀未遂经历。自杀倾向始于10岁左右，15岁时风险最高。有自杀意念者在产生意念的第一年更有可能报告有自杀计划和尝试。自杀倾向在女性中更易出现。一种或多种精神障碍的存在与自杀意念、计划和未遂密切相关。在有自杀意念者中，只有心境恶劣障碍始终与自杀计划和未遂相关。
干预措施应侧重于评估并针对患有精神障碍尤其是情绪障碍的青少年，以有效预防自杀。
