Rutter Andrew P, Schauer James J, Lough Glynis C, Snyder David C, Kolb Catherine J, Von Klooster Sara, Rudolf Todd, Manolopoulos Helen, Olson Mark L
Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, 660 N. Park Street, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
J Environ Monit. 2008 Jan;10(1):102-8. doi: 10.1039/b710247j. Epub 2007 Oct 31.
Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate mercury (PHg) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) were measured every other hour at a rural location in south central Wisconsin (Devil's Lake State Park, WI, USA) between April 2003 and March 2004, and at a predominantly downwind urban site in southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, WI, USA) between June 2004 and May 2005. Annual averages of GEM, PHg, and RGM at the urban site were statistically higher than those measured at the rural site. Pollution roses of GEM and reactive mercury (RM; sum of PHg and RGM) at the rural and urban sites revealed the influences of point source emissions in surrounding counties that were consistent with the US EPA 1999 National Emission Inventory and the 2003-2005 US EPA Toxics Release Inventory. Source-receptor relationships at both sites were studied by quantifying the impacts of point sources on mercury concentrations. Time series of GEM, PHg, and RGM concentrations were sorted into two categories; time periods dominated by impacts from point sources, and time periods dominated by mercury from non-point sources. The analysis revealed average point source contributions to GEM, PHg, and RGM concentration measurements to be significant over the year long studies. At the rural site, contributions to annual average concentrations were: GEM (2%; 0.04 ng m(-3)); and, RM (48%; 5.7 pg m(-3)). At the urban site, contributions to annual average concentrations were: GEM (33%; 0.81 ng m(-3)); and, RM (64%; 13.8 pg m(-3)).
2003年4月至2004年3月期间，在美国威斯康星州中南部的一个乡村地点（美国威斯康星州魔鬼湖州立公园），以及2004年6月至2005年5月期间，在美国威斯康星州东南部一个主要位于下风向的城市地点（美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市），每隔一小时测量气态元素汞（GEM）、颗粒汞（PHg）和活性气态汞（RGM）。城市地点的GEM、PHg和RGM年平均值在统计上高于乡村地点的测量值。乡村和城市地点的GEM和活性汞（RM；PHg和RGM之和）污染玫瑰图显示了周边县点源排放的影响，这与美国环境保护局1999年国家排放清单以及2003 - 2005年美国环境保护局有毒物质排放清单一致。通过量化点源对汞浓度的影响，研究了两个地点的源 - 受体关系。GEM、PHg和RGM浓度的时间序列被分为两类；受点源影响主导的时间段，以及受非点源汞影响主导的时间段。分析表明，在为期一年的研究中，点源对GEM、PHg和RGM浓度测量的平均贡献显著。在乡村地点，对年平均浓度的贡献为：GEM（2%；0.04 ng m⁻³）；以及，RM（48%；5.7 pg m⁻³）。在城市地点，对年平均浓度的贡献为：GEM（33%；0.81 ng m⁻³）；以及，RM（64%；13.8 pg m⁻³）。
