Decker Hannah S
Department of History, University of Houston, Texas 77204-3003, USA.
Hist Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;18(71 Pt 3):337-60. doi: 10.1177/0957154X07078976.
The contents of the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) can only be understood by studying aspects of the last one hundred years of psychiatric history. This paper deals with: (1) three aspects of Kraepelinian psychiatry--descriptive psychiatry, Kraepelin's devotion to empirical research and his inability always to carry it through, and his anti-psychoanalytic stance; (2) the optimistic yet troubled state of American psychiatry in the period 1946 to 1974; (3) the work of the so-called 'neo-Kraepelinians', especially that of Eli Robins, Samuel Guze and George Winokur; and (4) Robert Spitzer and the making of DSM-III.
美国精神病学协会《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）的内容，只有通过研究过去一百年精神病学史的各个方面才能理解。本文探讨了：（1）克雷佩林精神病学的三个方面——描述性精神病学、克雷佩林对实证研究的执着及其有时无法贯彻到底的情况，以及他的反精神分析立场；（2）1946年至1974年期间美国精神病学乐观却又陷入困境的状态；（3）所谓“新克雷佩林学派”的工作，尤其是伊莱·罗宾斯、塞缪尔·古兹和乔治·维诺克的工作；以及（4）罗伯特·斯皮策与DSM - III的制定。
