Tudela E, Croizé J, Lagier A, Mallaret M-R
Unité d'hygiène hospitalière, CHU de Grenoble, université Joseph-Fourier-Grenoble-I, B.P. 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2008 Jul;56(5):272-8. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.09.015. Epub 2008 Jan 4.
Analyze the microbiological quality of reconstituted milk formulas and the surface hygiene in a hospital infant formula room, in the context of a worldwide emergence of Enterobacter sakazakii infections.
Over 3.5 years, monthly samples of reconstituted milk formulas as well as quarterly infant formula room surface samples were taken for bacteriological analysis.
Of the 156 formulas analyzed, 54 carried microorganisms but no pathogenic bacteria. The presence of Bacillus species was found in 54% of the formulas for premature infants and in 19% of the other formulas (significant difference). Bacteria, probably brought by operators during reconstitution of the powdered formulas, were found in four of 156 samples (two negative-coagulase staphylococcus, one alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, and one Clostridium bifermentans). Surfaces were studied using 117 samples divided into 11 series: 4.3% of the points carried pathogenic bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bulhkholderia cepacia, Staphylococcus aureus).
The presence of Bacillus species should be analyzed thoroughly so as to differentiate Bacillus cereus from other nonpathogenic species. The microbiological analysis techniques used for reconstituted infant formulas can be simplified.
The quality of the infant formulas seems satisfactory. Hygiene practices provide good microbiological quality in reconstituted infant milk formulas. Microbiological monitoring of these preparations and the infant formula room surfaces is an important aspect of the quality assurance policy, which makes it possible to take corrective measures when an unsatisfactory result is found.
在全球范围内出现阪崎肠杆菌感染的背景下，分析医院婴儿配方奶粉调配室中复配奶粉的微生物质量及表面卫生状况。
在3.5年多的时间里，每月采集复配奶粉样本以及每季度采集婴儿配方奶粉调配室表面样本进行细菌学分析。
在分析的156份配方奶粉中，54份含有微生物，但无病原菌。在54%的早产儿配方奶粉和19%的其他配方奶粉中发现了芽孢杆菌属（差异显著）。在156份样本中的4份中发现了可能由操作人员在调配粉状配方奶粉过程中带入的细菌（2份凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、1份甲型溶血性链球菌和1份双发酵梭菌）。使用117个样本分为11组对表面进行了研究：4.3%的采样点携带病原菌（阴沟肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、金黄色葡萄球菌）。
应彻底分析芽孢杆菌属的存在情况，以便将蜡样芽孢杆菌与其他非病原菌区分开来。用于复配婴儿配方奶粉的微生物分析技术可以简化。
婴儿配方奶粉的质量似乎令人满意。卫生操作在复配婴儿配方奶粉中提供了良好的微生物质量。对这些制剂和婴儿配方奶粉调配室表面进行微生物监测是质量保证政策的一个重要方面，这使得在发现不满意结果时能够采取纠正措施。
