Hobfoll Stevan E, Watson Patricia, Bell Carl C, Bryant Richard A, Brymer Melissa J, Friedman Matthew J, Friedman Merle, Gersons Berthold P R, de Jong Joop T V M, Layne Christopher M, Maguen Shira, Neria Yuval, Norwood Ann E, Pynoos Robert S, Reissman Dori, Ruzek Josef I, Shalev Arieh Y, Solomon Zahava, Steinberg Alan M, Ursano Robert J
Summa-Kent State University, Center for the Treatment and Study of Traumatic Stress, Akron, OH 44310, USA.
Psychiatry. 2007 Winter;70(4):283-315; discussion 316-69. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283.
Given the devastation caused by disasters and mass violence, it is critical that intervention policy be based on the most updated research findings. However, to date, no evidence-based consensus has been reached supporting a clear set of recommendations for intervention during the immediate and the mid-term post mass trauma phases. Because it is unlikely that there will be evidence in the near or mid-term future from clinical trials that cover the diversity of disaster and mass violence circumstances, we assembled a worldwide panel of experts on the study and treatment of those exposed to disaster and mass violence to extrapolate from related fields of research, and to gain consensus on intervention principles. We identified five empirically supported intervention principles that should be used to guide and inform intervention and prevention efforts at the early to mid-term stages. These are promoting: 1) a sense of safety, 2) calming, 3) a sense of self- and community efficacy, 4) connectedness, and 5) hope.
鉴于灾难和大规模暴力造成的破坏，至关重要的是，干预政策应基于最新的研究结果。然而，迄今为止，尚未达成基于证据的共识，以支持在大规模创伤后的即刻和中期阶段进行干预的一套明确建议。由于近期或中期不太可能有涵盖灾难和大规模暴力情况多样性的临床试验证据，我们召集了一个全球专家小组，这些专家专门研究和治疗遭受灾难和大规模暴力的人群，以便从相关研究领域进行推断，并就干预原则达成共识。我们确定了五项经实证支持的干预原则，应将其用于指导和告知早期至中期阶段的干预和预防工作。这些原则包括促进：1）安全感，2）平静感，3）自我和社区效能感，4）联系感，以及5）希望感。
