Matamoros Víctor, Arias Carlos, Brix Hans, Bayona Josep M
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Dec 1;41(23):8171-7. doi: 10.1021/es071594+.
Removal efficiencies and elimination kinetics of 13 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and BOD5, TSS, and ammonium were evaluated in a pilot vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) and compared with those obtained by a sand filter. On the basis of the observed removals, the PPCPs studied were grouped in relation to their removal efficiency into (i) PPCPs very efficiently removed, that is, >95% removal in one of the systems (caffeine, salicylic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, CA-ibuprofen, hydrocinnamic acid, oxybenzone, ibuprofen, OH-ibuprofen); (ii) PPCPs moderately removed, with removals between 70 and 90% in the two systems (naproxen, diclofenac, galaxolide, and tonalide); and finally (iii) PPCPs poorly removed, with elimination rates of <30% (carbamazepine). At design hydraulic loading rate (HLR) the planted VFCW and the nonplanted SF exhibited similar PPCP removal efficiencies, but the VFCWwas less sensitive to removal decline in overloading conditions (up to 2 times the design HLR). Moreover, under a clogging simulation, the HLR and the presence of vegetation were some of the key aspects affecting the PPCPs, BOD5, and ammonium removal from domestic wastewater. The VFCW evaluated was more efficient in terms of removal efficiency and loading rate for most of the PPCPs studied in comparison to constructed wetlands of other configurations (i.e., horizontal subsurface flow) and SF (nonplanted). The shorter hydraulic residence time (a few hours) in VFCW compared to that in other CW configurations ranging from days to weeks makes VFCWs a very appropriate wastewater treatment option in space-limited areas.
在一个中试规模的垂直潜流人工湿地（VFCW）中评估了13种药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）以及生化需氧量（BOD5）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和铵的去除效率与消除动力学，并与砂滤器的相关结果进行了比较。基于观察到的去除情况，所研究的PPCPs根据其去除效率被分为：（i）去除效率非常高的PPCPs，即在其中一个系统中去除率>95%（咖啡因、水杨酸、甲基二氢茉莉酮酸、CA -布洛芬、氢化肉桂酸、二苯甲酰甲烷、布洛芬、OH -布洛芬）；（ii）去除率中等的PPCPs，在两个系统中的去除率在70%至90%之间（萘普生、双氯芬酸、佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香）；最后（iii）去除率低的PPCPs，去除率<30%（卡马西平）。在设计水力负荷率（HLR）下，种植的VFCW和未种植的砂滤器（SF）表现出相似的PPCP去除效率，但VFCW在过载条件下（高达设计HLR的2倍）对去除率下降的敏感性较低。此外，在堵塞模拟情况下，HLR和植被的存在是影响生活污水中PPCPs、BOD5和铵去除的一些关键因素。与其他配置的人工湿地（即水平潜流）和砂滤器（未种植）相比，所评估的VFCW对于大多数所研究的PPCPs在去除效率和负荷率方面更高效。与其他从几天到几周不等的人工湿地配置相比，VFCW较短的水力停留时间（几小时）使其成为空间有限地区非常合适的废水处理选择。
