Jones Benedict C, DeBruine Lisa M, Perrett David I, Little Anthony C, Feinberg David R, Law Smith Miriam J
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Arch Sex Behav. 2008 Feb;37(1):78-84. doi: 10.1007/s10508-007-9268-y.
While many studies of face preferences have emphasized high agreement among individuals about the types of faces they consider attractive and unattractive, other studies have demonstrated systematic variation in face preferences. Here, we review the evidence that women's preferences for masculinity, apparent health, and self-resemblance in faces change systematically during the menstrual cycle. Our review focuses on the proximate mechanisms that might underpin these changes (i.e., what changes in hormone levels are important for effects of menstrual cycle phase) and the possible functions of these changes (i.e., to maximize the likelihood that offspring inherit strong immune systems or to increase the likelihood of successful pregnancy by either promoting affiliation with individuals who will provide support and care during pregnancy or by promoting strategies to avoid contagion during social interactions). While evidence that differentiates between these two accounts of the function of cyclic shifts in face preferences is currently equivocal for masculinity preferences, there is compelling evidence that the function of the effects of menstrual cycle phase on preferences for apparent health and self-resemblance in faces is to increase the likelihood of successful pregnancy.
虽然许多关于面部偏好的研究强调个体之间对于他们认为有吸引力和无吸引力的面部类型存在高度一致性，但其他研究表明面部偏好存在系统性变化。在此，我们回顾相关证据，即女性在月经周期中对面部阳刚之气、明显健康程度以及与自身相似性的偏好会系统性地改变。我们的综述聚焦于可能支撑这些变化的近端机制（即激素水平的哪些变化对于月经周期阶段的影响至关重要）以及这些变化的可能功能（即通过促进与在孕期会提供支持和照料的个体建立亲密关系，或者通过促进在社交互动中避免感染的策略，来最大化后代继承强大免疫系统的可能性，或者增加成功怀孕的可能性）。虽然目前对于阳刚之气偏好而言，区分面部偏好周期性变化的这两种功能解释的证据尚不明确，但有令人信服的证据表明，月经周期阶段对面部明显健康程度和与自身相似性偏好的影响的功能在于增加成功怀孕的可能性。
