Filipowicz Witold, Bhattacharyya Suvendra N, Sonenberg Nahum
Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
Nat Rev Genet. 2008 Feb;9(2):102-14. doi: 10.1038/nrg2290.
MicroRNAs constitute a large family of small, approximately 21-nucleotide-long, non-coding RNAs that have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in metazoans and plants. In mammals, microRNAs are predicted to control the activity of approximately 30% of all protein-coding genes, and have been shown to participate in the regulation of almost every cellular process investigated so far. By base pairing to mRNAs, microRNAs mediate translational repression or mRNA degradation. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanistic aspects of microRNA-induced repression of translation and discusses some of the controversies regarding different modes of microRNA function.
微小RNA构成了一个大家族，这些小RNA长度约为21个核苷酸，属于非编码RNA，已成为后生动物和植物基因表达的关键转录后调节因子。在哺乳动物中，预计微小RNA可控制所有蛋白质编码基因中约30%的活性，并且已表明它们参与了迄今为止所研究的几乎每一个细胞过程的调节。通过与mRNA碱基配对，微小RNA介导翻译抑制或mRNA降解。本综述总结了目前对微小RNA诱导翻译抑制机制方面的理解，并讨论了有关微小RNA不同功能模式的一些争议。
