Reiner Zeljko, Tedeschi-Reiner Eugenia
Klinika za unutrasnje bolesti KBC Zagreb.
Lijec Vjesn. 2007 Aug-Sep;129(8-9):276-81.
Increased serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have proven that plant sterol and stanol esters can effectively decrease high serum total and LDL cholesterol. They reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol by decreasing the incorporation of dietary and biliary cholesterol into micelles displacing cholesterol from these micelles. They also increase LDL receptor activity on liver cells causing a higher uptake of LDL cholesterol and thus decreasing the serum LDL cholesterol concentration. Animal studies have indicated that plant sterols and stanols may also lower atherosclerotic lesions development. However, the evidence from human studies to confirm this is still lacking. Anyhow, plant sterol and stanol esters can be considered as an effective and safe cholesterol-lowering functional food ingredient. To achieve additional effects they can be combined with statin therapy, and this combination is also well tolerated and safe.
血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。许多临床试验已证明，植物甾醇和甾烷醇酯可有效降低血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。它们通过减少膳食和胆汁胆固醇掺入微胶粒以及将胆固醇从这些微胶粒中置换出来，从而降低肠道对胆固醇的吸收。它们还可增加肝细胞上低密度脂蛋白受体的活性，使更多的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇被摄取，进而降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度。动物研究表明，植物甾醇和甾烷醇也可能降低动脉粥样硬化病变的发展。然而，仍缺乏来自人体研究的确证证据。无论如何，植物甾醇和甾烷醇酯可被视为一种有效且安全的降胆固醇功能性食品成分。为获得额外效果，它们可与他汀类药物治疗联合使用，而且这种联合使用耐受性良好且安全。
