Lahnsteiner Franz, Weismann Thomas
Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
J Aquat Anim Health. 2007 Sep;19(3):186-94. doi: 10.1577/H07-002.1.
The goal of this laboratory study was to provide better knowledge about the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis (causative agent: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliate bacteria) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and common carp Cyprinus carpio. The following questions were investigated: (1) the effectiveness of different chemicals (formalin, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, Perotan, Virkon, Aquahumin, Baycox, and Ivomec) and at different concentrations and durations of application, (2) the number of treatments and the time intervals between treatments that were necessary to remove the parasite, and (3) how treatment effectiveness differed between the two species. The most effective treatment was a 37% stock solution of formalin at 110 microL/L of bath water for 1 h in rainbow trout and for 2 h in common carp. Aquahumin (150 microL/L for 2 h) was effective in slightly or moderately infected rainbow trout and at low water temperatures, but it was not effective for common carp. All other tested chemicals were ineffective. With formalin and Aquahumin, five treatments were necessary to remove I. multifiliis infestation. At 10 +/- 1 degrees C, the parasites were eradicated when the treatment was performed at 48-h intervals. At 18 +/- 1 degrees C the infestation was eliminated when treatment was performed at 24-h intervals but not at 48-h intervals. At 25 +/- 1 degrees C, treatment at 24-h intervals was ineffective; however, shorter intervals between treatments might improve treatment efficacy at this temperature. In contrast, the number of treatment repetitions played a minor role, and parasites were eliminated with five treatments in all experiments when the type of chemical and treatment interval were optimal.
本实验室研究的目的是更深入了解虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）和鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）的小瓜虫病（病原体：多子小瓜虫，一种纤毛虫）的治疗方法。研究了以下问题：（1）不同化学物质（福尔马林、氯化钠、过氧化氢、百毒杀、卫可、水霉净、拜耳可、伊维菌素）在不同浓度和处理时间下的有效性；（2）清除寄生虫所需的处理次数和处理间隔时间；（3）两种鱼之间治疗效果的差异。最有效的治疗方法是，虹鳟鱼使用浓度为110微升/升养殖用水的37%福尔马林原液药浴1小时，鲤鱼药浴2小时。水霉净（150微升/升，药浴2小时）对轻度或中度感染的虹鳟鱼以及低温时有效，但对鲤鱼无效。所有其他测试化学物质均无效。使用福尔马林和水霉净时，需要进行五次处理才能清除多子小瓜虫感染。在10±1℃时，每隔48小时进行一次处理可根除寄生虫。在18±1℃时，每隔24小时进行一次处理可消除感染，但每隔48小时进行一次处理则无效。在25±1℃时，每隔24小时进行一次处理无效；不过，在此温度下缩短处理间隔时间可能会提高治疗效果。相比之下，处理重复次数的作用较小，当化学物质类型和处理间隔时间最佳时，所有实验中进行五次处理均可消除寄生虫。
