Qin Zhenyu, Reszka Krzysztof J, Fukai Tohru, Weintraub Neal L
Division of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
Transl Res. 2008 Feb;151(2):68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.10.003. Epub 2007 Nov 8.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxide (O(2)(.-)) and a main regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the blood vessel wall, heart, lungs, kidney, and placenta. Involvement of O(2)(.-) has been implicated in many pathological processes, and removal of extracellular O(2)(.-) by ecSOD gene transfer has emerged as a promising experimental technique to treat vascular disorders associated with increased oxidant stress. In addition, recent studies have clarified mechanisms that regulate ecSOD expression, tissue binding, and activity, and they have provided new insight into how ecSOD interacts with other factors that regulate vascular function. Finally, studies of a common gene variant in humans associated with disruption of ecSOD tissue binding suggest that displacement of the enzyme from the blood vessel wall may contribute to vascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research findings related to ecSOD function and gene transfer and to stimulate other investigations into the role of this unique antioxidant enzyme in vascular pathophysiology and therapeutics.
细胞外超氧化物歧化酶（ecSOD）是超氧化物（O₂⁻）的主要细胞外清除剂，也是血管壁、心脏、肺、肾脏和胎盘一氧化氮（NO）生物活性的主要调节剂。O₂⁻参与了许多病理过程，通过ecSOD基因转移清除细胞外O₂⁻已成为一种有前景的治疗与氧化应激增加相关血管疾病的实验技术。此外，最近的研究阐明了调节ecSOD表达、组织结合和活性的机制，并为ecSOD如何与其他调节血管功能的因素相互作用提供了新的见解。最后，对与ecSOD组织结合破坏相关的人类常见基因变异的研究表明，该酶从血管壁的移位可能导致血管疾病。本综述的目的是总结与ecSOD功能和基因转移相关的最新研究结果，并激发对这种独特抗氧化酶在血管病理生理学和治疗学中作用的其他研究。
