Pfleiderer Christa, Blümel Johannes, Schmidt Michael, Roth W Kurth, Houfar M Kai, Eckert Jana, Chudy Michael, Menichetti Eva, Lechner Sigrid, Nübling C Micha
Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Abteilung Virologie, Langen, Germany.
J Med Virol. 2008 Mar;80(3):557-63. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21110.
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, widely distributed throughout Africa, Asia and the Middle East. WNV may cause epidemics of human meningoencephalitis. The unexpected emergence of WNV (New York, 1999) and its rapid spread throughout North America during the following years caused a number of blood transfusion- and organ transplant-associated transmissions of WNV. In order to estimate the potential WNV threat for Central Europe, we analyzed the anti-WNV prevalence and WNV-RNA incidence among 14,437 and 9,976 blood donors from Germany. There was a high rate of initially anti-WNV reactives (5.9%), but only a few cases (0.03%) were confirmed as anti-WNV positive by neutralization assay. No WNV-RNA positive blood donor was identified in this study. Whereas WNV-RNA was frequently detected in manufacturing plasma pools from the US, none was detected in pools of European or Asian origin. Virus inactivation steps integrated into the manufacturing process of plasma derivatives were shown to be sufficient to assure the WNV safety of plasma derivatives. A well-characterized WNV reference material was prepared, showing 340 WNV-RNA copies per infectious dose.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种通过蚊子传播的黄病毒，广泛分布于非洲、亚洲和中东地区。WNV可能引发人类脑膜脑炎的流行。WNV在1999年于纽约意外出现，并在随后几年迅速蔓延至北美，导致了多起与输血和器官移植相关的WNV传播事件。为了评估中欧地区面临的WNV潜在威胁，我们分析了来自德国的14437名和9976名献血者的抗WNV流行率及WNV-RNA发生率。最初抗WNV反应阳性率较高（5.9%），但通过中和试验确认为抗WNV阳性的病例仅有少数（0.03%）。本研究中未发现WNV-RNA阳性的献血者。尽管在美国生产血浆库中经常检测到WNV-RNA，但在欧洲或亚洲来源的血浆库中均未检测到。已证明，整合到血浆衍生物生产过程中的病毒灭活步骤足以确保血浆衍生物的WNV安全性。制备了一种特性明确的WNV参考物质，每感染剂量含有340个WNV-RNA拷贝。
