Petersen Poul Erik, Jiang Han, Peng Bin, Tai Bao Jun, Bian Zhuan
Global Oral Health Programme, Department of Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Feb;36(1):76-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00375.x.
The objectives of this study were to measure the association of general and oral health-related behaviours with living conditions and to explore the interrelationships between general and oral health-related behaviours in Chinese urban adolescents.
A cross-sectional survey of 2662 adolescents was conducted in eight Chinese provincial capitals. The response rate was 92%. The study population was selected through multistage cluster sampling and comprised three age groups: 11, 13 and 15 years. Data on oral and general health, lifestyles as well as living conditions were collected by means of self-administered structured questionnaires. Several additive indices were constructed from answers to the questions on specific behaviour, and participants were categorized according to scores on each component of health-related behaviour for statistical analyses by frequency distributions, regression analyses and factor analyses.
Oral health-related behaviours among adolescents were associated with socioeconomic status of parents, school performance and peer relationships. The odds of a dental visit was 0.63 in adolescents of poorly educated parents and the corresponding figure for regular oral hygiene practices was 0.62. Odds of tobacco use was 3 for adolescents with poor performance in school while odds of consuming sugary foods/drinks was 1.3. Adolescents with high levels of preventive oral health practices also demonstrated general health-promoting behaviours. In factor analysis of general and oral health-related behaviours, three factors were isolated: (a) risk behaviours (loadings 0.48-0.66), (b) health-promoting behaviours (loadings 0.60-0.64) and (c) help-seeking behaviours (loadings 0.56-0.67).
The findings support a multidimensional model of health behaviour. Several approaches and multiple methods should be applied in oral health education in order to modify behaviours that affect oral health.
本研究旨在衡量一般健康和口腔健康相关行为与生活条件之间的关联，并探讨中国城市青少年一般健康和口腔健康相关行为之间的相互关系。
在中国八个省会城市对2662名青少年进行了横断面调查。应答率为92%。研究人群通过多阶段整群抽样选取，包括三个年龄组：11岁、13岁和15岁。通过自填式结构化问卷收集口腔和一般健康、生活方式以及生活条件的数据。根据对特定行为问题的回答构建了几个累加指数，并根据健康相关行为各组成部分的得分对参与者进行分类，以便通过频率分布、回归分析和因子分析进行统计分析。
青少年的口腔健康相关行为与父母的社会经济地位、学业成绩和同伴关系有关。父母受教育程度低的青少年看牙医的几率为0.63，定期进行口腔卫生护理的相应数字为0.62。学业成绩差的青少年吸烟几率为3，而食用含糖食物/饮料的几率为1.3。口腔健康预防措施水平高的青少年也表现出促进一般健康的行为。在对一般健康和口腔健康相关行为的因子分析中，分离出三个因子：(a) 风险行为（载荷0.48 - 0.66），(b) 促进健康行为（载荷0.60 - 0.64）和(c) 寻求帮助行为（载荷0.56 - 0.67）。
研究结果支持健康行为的多维模型。在口腔健康教育中应采用多种方法和多种手段来改变影响口腔健康的行为。
