Livingston Stephen D, Sinclair Lisa
Ohio State University, OH, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Feb;34(2):210-23. doi: 10.1177/0146167207310028.
Lower- and higher-prejudiced individuals may strategically derogate negatively stereotyped individuals. Regardless of degree of prejudice, participants with a directional goal to discredit a threatening message and its source were more likely to do so when the source belonged to a negatively stereotyped group. They also were less persuaded by that stigmatized source. When this directional goal was negated by making the message nonthreatening, lower-prejudiced individuals evaluated the stigmatized and nonstigmatized sources, and their messages, similarly and were equally persuaded by both sources. When an accuracy goal was simultaneously introduced, lower-prejudice participants again rated the stigmatized and nonstigmatized sources comparably yet continued to derogate the stigmatized speaker's message and were less persuaded by him. Removing the directional goal or adding the accuracy goal did not affect higher-prejudiced participants' evaluations. The importance of examining situational goals and individual differences when studying biased responding is discussed.
偏见程度较低和较高的个体可能会策略性地诋毁带有负面刻板印象的个体。无论偏见程度如何，当信息来源属于负面刻板印象群体时，那些有诋毁威胁性信息及其来源这一方向性目标的参与者更有可能这么做。他们也不太容易被那个受到污名化的信息来源所说服。当通过使信息不具威胁性来消除这一方向性目标时，偏见程度较低的个体对受到污名化和未受污名化的信息来源及其信息进行了类似的评估，并且被这两个来源同样地说服。当同时引入一个准确性目标时，偏见程度较低的参与者再次对受到污名化和未受污名化的信息来源给出了相当的评价，但他们继续诋毁受到污名化的发言者的信息，并且不太容易被他所说服。消除方向性目标或添加准确性目标并没有影响偏见程度较高的参与者的评价。本文讨论了在研究偏见性反应时考察情境目标和个体差异的重要性。
