Gerst Jeffrey E
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Trends Cell Biol. 2008 Feb;18(2):68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.11.005. Epub 2008 Jan 22.
In eukaryotes, mRNAs encoding secreted and integral membrane proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to facilitate translation and protein translocation into the ER lumen. However, mRNAs encoding cytosolic proteins also associate with ER membranes in yeast, plants and animal cells. mRNAs encoding both cytosolic and secreted proteins have been observed in association with the cortical ER (cER) network, which consists of interconnected tubular and sheet-like structures that extend to the plasma membrane and to sites of polarized growth. This physical association enables cytoskeleton-mediated co-trafficking and anchoring of cER-mRNA, which might regulate protein synthesis in areas of new growth (i.e. during cell division in yeast), or enable confined spatial responses to environmental stimuli (i.e. during synaptic remodeling or in cases of neuronal injury).
在真核生物中，编码分泌蛋白和整合膜蛋白的信使核糖核酸（mRNA）被靶向运输到内质网（ER），以促进翻译并将蛋白质转运到内质网腔中。然而，在酵母、植物和动物细胞中，编码胞质蛋白的mRNA也与内质网膜相关联。已观察到编码胞质蛋白和分泌蛋白的mRNA都与皮质内质网（cER）网络相关联，该网络由相互连接的管状和片状结构组成，延伸至质膜和极性生长部位。这种物理关联使得细胞骨架介导cER-mRNA的共同运输和锚定，这可能在新生长区域（如酵母细胞分裂期间）调节蛋白质合成，或者在对环境刺激的局限性空间反应中发挥作用（如在突触重塑期间或神经元损伤的情况下）。
