Sch. of Electr. Eng., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1995;14(2):318-27. doi: 10.1109/42.387713.
Reports the diagnostic performance of observers in detecting abnormalities in computer-generated mammogram-like images. A mathematical model of the human breast is defined in which breast tissues are simulated by spheres of different sizes and densities. Images are generated by casting rays from a specified source, through the model, and onto an image plane. Observer performance when using two viewing modalities (stereo versus mono) is compared. In the stereo viewing mode, images are presented to the observer (wearing liquid-crystal display glasses), such that the left eye sees the left image only and the right eye sees the right image only. In this way, the images can be fused by the observer to obtain a sense of depth. In the mono viewing mode, identical images are presented to the left and right eyes so that no binocular disparities will be produced by the images. Observer response data are evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to characterize any difference in detectability of abnormalities (in either the density or the arrangement of simulated tissue densities) using the two viewing modes. The authors' experimental results indicate the clear superiority of stereo viewing for detection of arrangement abnormalities. For detection of density abnormalities, the performance of the two viewing modes is similar. These preliminary results suggest that stereomammography may permit easier detection of certain tissue abnormalities, perhaps providing a route to earlier tumor detection in cases of breast cancer.
报告观察者在检测计算机生成的类似乳房 X 光片图像中的异常方面的诊断性能。定义了一个人类乳房的数学模型，其中乳房组织由不同大小和密度的球体模拟。通过从指定的源投射光线穿过模型并在图像平面上产生图像。比较了使用两种观察模式（立体与单目）时的观察者性能。在立体观察模式下，将图像呈现给观察者（佩戴液晶显示器眼镜），使得左眼只能看到左眼图像，右眼只能看到右眼图像。通过这种方式，观察者可以将图像融合以获得深度感。在单目观察模式下，相同的图像被呈现给左眼和右眼，使得图像不会产生双目视差。使用受试者工作特征（ROC）分析评估观察者响应数据，以表征使用两种观察模式对异常（模拟组织密度的密度或排列）的可检测性的任何差异。作者的实验结果表明，立体观察在检测排列异常方面具有明显优势。对于检测密度异常，两种观察模式的性能相似。这些初步结果表明，立体乳房 X 光摄影可能允许更容易地检测某些组织异常，也许为乳腺癌病例中的早期肿瘤检测提供了一种途径。
