Werner Annette
University of Tuebingen, Centre for Ophthalmology, Tuebingen, Germany.
J Vis. 2007 Dec 28;7(14):19.1-14. doi: 10.1167/7.14.19.
Color constancy refers to our remarkable ability to perceive the color of objects nearly constant despite considerable changes in the spectral content of the illumination. As such it is most important for object recognition. Visual motion can make object recognition harder because it limits the viewing time and increases the likelihood that an object encounters illumination changes. However, color constancy, as human color perception in general, has long been thought to be "motion blind." Here I show that, on the contrary, human color constancy is influenced by motion and improves when a color surface moves. Psychophysical experiments revealed that color constancy is influenced specifically by slow object motion and depends on the saliency of the moving figure. These surprising findings cannot be explained by low-level co-processing of color and motion signals. Instead they demonstrate a previously unknown influence of attention-driven, high-level motion processes on cortical color computation. Since motion is a frequent aspect of natural visual scenes, the synergistic integration of color and motion signals is an important mechanism for improving color identification. The new findings speak against a strict segregation of color and motion processing in the human visual cortex and suggest a network for encoding object color, which includes specialized ventral as well as dorsal visual areas.
颜色恒常性是指我们具有非凡的能力，尽管照明光谱内容发生了相当大的变化，但仍能将物体的颜色感知为几乎恒定。因此，它对物体识别非常重要。视觉运动可能会使物体识别变得更加困难，因为它限制了观看时间，并增加了物体遇到照明变化的可能性。然而，长期以来，颜色恒常性，就像一般的人类颜色感知一样，一直被认为是“对运动不敏感的”。在这里，我要表明，恰恰相反，人类的颜色恒常性会受到运动的影响，并且当一个彩色表面移动时会得到改善。心理物理学实验表明，颜色恒常性特别受到缓慢物体运动的影响，并且取决于运动图形的显著性。这些惊人的发现无法用颜色和运动信号的低级协同处理来解释。相反，它们证明了注意力驱动的高级运动过程对皮层颜色计算有以前未知的影响。由于运动是自然视觉场景中常见的一个方面，颜色和运动信号的协同整合是改善颜色识别的一个重要机制。这些新发现反对人类视觉皮层中颜色和运动处理的严格分离，并提出了一个用于编码物体颜色的网络，其中包括专门的腹侧以及背侧视觉区域。
