Dixon Erica, Shapiro Arthur, Lu Zhong-Lin
Department of Psychology American University, Washington, DC, USA.
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 29;4:3900. doi: 10.1038/srep03900.
Brightness illusions demonstrate that an object's perceived brightness depends on its visual context, leading to theoretical explanations ranging from simple lateral inhibition to those based on the influence of knowledge of and experience with the world. We measure the relative brightness of mid-luminance test disks embedded in gray-scale images, and show that rankings of test disk brightness are independent of viewing distance, implying that the rankings depend on the physical object size, not the size of disks subtended on the retina. A single filter that removes low spatial frequency content, adjusted to the diameters of the test disks, can account for the relative brightness of the disks. We note that the removal of low spatial frequency content is a principle common to many different approaches to brightness/lightness phenomena; furthermore, object-size representations--as opposed to retinal-size representations--inherently remove low spatial frequency content, therefore, any process that creates object representations should also produce brightness illusions.
亮度错觉表明，物体的感知亮度取决于其视觉背景，从而产生了从简单的侧向抑制到基于对世界的知识和经验影响的各种理论解释。我们测量了嵌入灰度图像中的中等亮度测试圆盘的相对亮度，并表明测试圆盘亮度的排名与观察距离无关，这意味着排名取决于物理物体大小，而不是视网膜上圆盘所张的大小。一个去除低空间频率内容的单一滤波器，根据测试圆盘的直径进行调整，可以解释圆盘的相对亮度。我们注意到，去除低空间频率内容是许多不同的亮度/明度现象研究方法所共有的原则；此外，物体大小表征——与视网膜大小表征相对——本质上会去除低空间频率内容，因此，任何创建物体表征的过程也应该会产生亮度错觉。
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