Giuliano Giovanni, Tavazza Raffaela, Diretto Gianfranco, Beyer Peter, Taylor Mark A
Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, PO Box 2400, 00123 S.M. di Galeria (Roma), Italy.
Trends Biotechnol. 2008 Mar;26(3):139-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.003. Epub 2008 Jan 28.
Carotenoids are one of the most diverse classes of natural compounds. Plant carotenoids are composed of a C40 isoprenoid skeleton with or without epoxy, hydroxy and keto groups. They have fundamental roles in human nutrition as antioxidants and vitamin A precursors and their consumption is increasingly associated with protection from a range of diseases. They are also used commercially as safe food, feed and cosmetic colorants and they protect plants from photooxidative stress. In the past six years many metabolic engineering efforts have been undertaken in plants aiming to improve the nutritional value of staple crops, to enable the use of plants as 'cell factories' for producing specialty carotenoids and to improve plant resistance to abiotic stress.
类胡萝卜素是天然化合物中种类最多样化的类别之一。植物类胡萝卜素由具有或不具有环氧基、羟基和酮基的C40类异戊二烯骨架组成。它们在人类营养中作为抗氧化剂和维生素A前体发挥着重要作用，食用它们越来越多地与预防一系列疾病相关联。它们还在商业上用作安全的食品、饲料和化妆品着色剂，并且能保护植物免受光氧化胁迫。在过去六年中，人们在植物中进行了许多代谢工程研究，旨在提高主粮作物的营养价值，使植物能够作为“细胞工厂”生产特种类胡萝卜素，并提高植物对非生物胁迫的抗性。
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