Krenzischek Dina A, Dunwoody Colleen J, Polomano Rosemary C, Rathmell James P
Same-Day Prep/Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
J Perianesth Nurs. 2008 Feb;23(1 Suppl):S28-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2007.11.005.
Effective treatment of perioperative acute pain requires that information about the patient's goals for pain relief, previous history with analgesics, and type of surgical procedure is used to guide decisions about analgesic regimens. Analgesics are selected based on the location of surgery, degree of anticipated pain, and patient characteristics such as comorbidities, and routes of administration and dosing schedules are determined to maximize the effectiveness and safety of analgesia, while minimizing the potential for adverse events. Pain management therapy is then extended into the postsurgical phase of recovery. To accomplish this, nurses must have a thorough understanding of the pharmacology of analgesics. This article provides useful information for commonly used analgesics, primarily nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and local anesthetics for control of acute postoperative pain.
围手术期急性疼痛的有效治疗需要依据患者的疼痛缓解目标、既往镇痛药物使用史以及外科手术类型等信息，来指导镇痛方案的决策。根据手术部位、预期疼痛程度以及诸如合并症等患者特征选择镇痛药，并确定给药途径和给药时间表，以在将不良事件可能性降至最低的同时，最大化镇痛效果和安全性。疼痛管理治疗随后延伸至术后恢复阶段。要做到这一点，护士必须全面了解镇痛药的药理学知识。本文提供了关于常用镇痛药（主要是非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）、阿片类药物和局部麻醉药）控制术后急性疼痛的有用信息。
