Elkin Michael, Vlodavsky Israel
Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2001 Nov;Chapter 19:19.2.1-19.2.7. doi: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1902s12.
The most damaging change during cancer progression is the switch from a locally growing tumor to a metastatic killer. This switch involves numerous alterations that allow tumor cells to complete the complex series of events needed for metastasis. In considering steps required for successful metastasis, extravasation from blood vessels in target organs is regarded as a critical process. Circulating tumor cells arrested in the capillary beds of different organs must invade the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels and degrade its underlying basement membrane in order to escape into the extravascular tissue where they establish metastasis. This unit describes the most common assay applied to evaluate the metastatic potential of blood-borne tumor cells. The protocol is often called "experimental metastasis", distinct from "spontaneous metastasis", where the tumor cells are first allowed to form a primary tumor in the site of injection and then escape into lymphatic or blood circulation. Cultured tumor cells are injected into the tail vein and allowed to circulate. After 12 to 20 days the recipients are euthanized and the lungs are evaluated for the presence of metastatic tumors.
癌症进展过程中最具破坏性的变化是从局部生长的肿瘤转变为转移性杀手。这种转变涉及众多改变，使肿瘤细胞能够完成转移所需的一系列复杂事件。在考虑成功转移所需的步骤时，肿瘤细胞从靶器官的血管外渗被视为一个关键过程。滞留在不同器官毛细血管床中的循环肿瘤细胞必须侵入血管的内皮细胞层并降解其下方的基底膜，以便逃入血管外组织并在那里形成转移灶。本单元描述了用于评估血行肿瘤细胞转移潜能的最常用检测方法。该方案通常称为“实验性转移”，有别于“自发性转移”，在自发性转移中，肿瘤细胞首先在注射部位形成原发性肿瘤，然后逃入淋巴或血液循环。将培养的肿瘤细胞注入尾静脉并使其循环。12至20天后，对受体实施安乐死，并评估肺部是否存在转移性肿瘤。
