Schaap Maartje M, van Agt Heleen M E, Kunst Anton E
Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Feb;10(2):359-69. doi: 10.1080/14622200701825098.
Educational level is most often used to identify social groups with increased prevalence of smoking. Other indicators of socioeconomic position (SEP) might, however, be equally or even more discriminatory. This study examined the extent to which smoking behavior is related to other socioeconomic indicators in addition to educational level. Data were derived from the European Household Panel. We selected data for 45,765 respondents aged 25-60 years from nine European countries. The association between six different SEP indicators and smoking prevalence was examined using prevalence rate ratios (RRs) estimated through log linear regression analyses. In univariate analyses, most selected SEP indicators were associated with smoking. In multivariate analyses, educational level, occupational class, accumulated wealth (measured by household assets), and housing tenure retained independent effects on smoking (RRs about 1.20). The effects observed for activity status and household income were small and insignificant in nearly all populations. In northern Europe, educational level had the greatest predictive value in the younger age groups; occupational class and housing tenure predicted most of smoking prevalence in the older age groups. The results showed a less pronounced and more varied pattern in southern Europe. Our results indicate that smoking prevalence is related not only to educational level but also to occupational class and measures of accumulated wealth (other than income). These measures should be used in addition to educational level to identify groups at increased risk for smoking.
教育水平最常被用来识别吸烟率较高的社会群体。然而，社会经济地位（SEP）的其他指标可能同样具有甚至更强的区分性。本研究考察了除教育水平之外，吸烟行为与其他社会经济指标的关联程度。数据来源于欧洲家庭调查。我们从9个欧洲国家选取了45765名年龄在25至60岁之间的受访者的数据。使用通过对数线性回归分析估计的患病率比（RRs）来考察6种不同SEP指标与吸烟率之间的关联。在单变量分析中，大多数选定的SEP指标与吸烟有关。在多变量分析中，教育水平、职业阶层、累积财富（以家庭资产衡量）和住房保有情况对吸烟仍有独立影响（RRs约为1.20）。在几乎所有人群中，活动状态和家庭收入的影响较小且不显著。在北欧，教育水平在较年轻年龄组中具有最大的预测价值；职业阶层和住房保有情况在较年长年龄组中预测了大部分吸烟率。在南欧，结果呈现出不太明显且更为多样的模式。我们的结果表明，吸烟率不仅与教育水平有关，还与职业阶层和累积财富（而非收入）的衡量指标有关。除教育水平外，这些指标也应用于识别吸烟风险增加的群体。
