Kasila Kirsti, Poskiparta Marita, Kettunen Tarja, Pietilä Ilpo
Research Center for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008 Mar;18(2):107-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00854.x.
This study examined counselling communication activities that were used for assessing schoolchildren's need for change of snacking habits. In addition, the schoolchildren's assessment of their need for change was explored after a follow-up year (2002-2003).
The follow-up research data included 66 counselling sessions in 2002 and 31 counselling sessions in 2003, with 31 schoolchildren. The sessions were conducted by four dental hygienists. The audio-taped data were analysed qualitatively by using content analysis.
In 2002, the needs assessment was realized in three ways. Infrequently, the schoolchildren either disclosed their need for change or the counsellor explicitly determined the schoolchildren's need for change. Usually, however, the schoolchildren's needs assessment for change occurred through the counsellors' communication activities of assessment, advice, and change-inducing questions. In one-third of the cases, the schoolchildren's need for change remained ambiguous during the sessions in 2002. With respect to positive changes in 2003, the schoolchildren themselves were aware of the need for change. Alternatively, the sessions included change discussion that addressed readiness for change and making changes during the counselling in 2002.
Our results revealed that a thorough needs assessment of schoolchildren's snacking habits provides a foundation for behaviourally focused counselling.
本研究考察了用于评估学童改变零食习惯需求的咨询沟通活动。此外，还探讨了在随访一年（2002 - 2003年）后学童对自身改变需求的评估情况。
随访研究数据包括2002年的66次咨询会话和2003年的31次咨询会话，涉及31名学童。这些会话由四名口腔保健员进行。通过内容分析法对录音数据进行定性分析。
2002年，需求评估通过三种方式实现。学童很少主动透露自己的改变需求，或者咨询师明确确定学童的改变需求。然而，通常情况下，学童对改变的需求评估是通过咨询师的评估、建议和诱导改变的问题等沟通活动来进行的。在2002年的三分之一的案例中，学童的改变需求在会话过程中仍不明确。关于2003年的积极变化，学童自己意识到了改变的需求。另外，2002年的会话中包括了关于改变准备情况和在咨询过程中做出改变的讨论。
我们的结果表明，对学童零食习惯进行全面的需求评估为以行为为重点的咨询提供了基础。
