以色列联合强化灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗/口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种计划后的肠道免疫

Intestinal immunity following a combined enhanced inactivated polio vaccine/oral polio vaccine programme in Israel.

作者信息

Swartz T A, Green M S, Handscher R, Sofer D, Cohen-Dar M, Shohat T, Habib S, Barak E, Dror Z, Somekh E, Peled-Leviathan T, Yulzari R, Libling A, Mendelson E, Shulman L M

机构信息

Israel Center for Disease Control, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

出版信息

Vaccine. 2008 Feb 20;26(8):1083-90. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.021. Epub 2008 Jan 7.

DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.021

PMID:18241962

Abstract

Intestinal immunity was studied in a polio-free community immunised with a combined enhanced inactivated/oral polio vaccine (EIPV/OPV) vaccination programme. Poliovirus excretion was evaluated in three groups of infants primed with a partial (2 EIPV+2 OPV) or complete (3 EIPV+3 OPV) dose schedule. Poliovirus replicated in the gut of 59.8-55.8% of infants in the three groups 7 days after administration of an additional OPV dose. Significant decreases in the percent of type-specific-virus excreters appeared after 14 and 21 days for serotypes 1 and 2, and after 21 and 28 days for serotype 3. The percent of excreters was inversely correlated with pre-challenge neutralising antibody (NA) titers (p<0.05). Intrafamilial virus transmission to mothers and siblings was minimal. The principal factor for interruption of disease and virus transmission in the community was a strong and persistent humoral immunity with immunological memory. A satisfactory level of family hygiene contributed towards breaking the chain of transmission of poliovirus to contacts.

摘要

在一个通过联合强化灭活/口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（EIPV/OPV）接种计划进行免疫的无脊髓灰质炎社区中，对肠道免疫进行了研究。在三组分别采用部分（2剂EIPV + 2剂OPV）或完整（3剂EIPV + 3剂OPV）剂量方案进行初免的婴儿中，评估了脊髓灰质炎病毒排泄情况。在额外接种一剂OPV后7天，三组中59.8% - 55.8%的婴儿肠道内有脊髓灰质炎病毒复制。1型和2型血清型在14天和21天后，3型血清型在21天和28天后，型特异性病毒排泄者的百分比显著下降。排泄者的百分比与攻击前中和抗体（NA）滴度呈负相关（p < 0.05）。家庭内病毒向母亲和兄弟姐妹的传播极少。社区中疾病和病毒传播中断的主要因素是具有免疫记忆的强大且持久的体液免疫。良好的家庭卫生水平有助于切断脊髓灰质炎病毒向接触者的传播链。