Effects of excess iodide and other anions on thyroid hormone secretion in normal or hypophysectomized rats treated with graded doses of thyroid hormone.

In order to obtain further information about the stimulatory action of excess iodide on thyroid hormone secretion in thyroxine (T4)-treated rats, experiments were performed in hypophysectomized rats, or rats treated with graded doses of T4 or triiodothyronine (T3).T3 as well as T4 played a permissive role in the production of the iodide effect in normal animals, but T3 was more effective than T4. Excess iodide stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in hypophysectomized animals, this finding being compatible with the hypothesis that, by inhibiting TSH secretion, T3 and T4 produced a condition in which excess iodide stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in intact rats. However, T4 played an additional role in thyroid hormone secretion by acting directly on the thyroid. In hypophysectomized animals, small doses of T4 stimulated thyroid hormone secretion, and this action was additive to that of excess iodide, whereas large doses of T4 were inhibitory and reduced the effectiveness of excess iodide. The stimulatory action on thyroid hormone secretion was specific for iodide and was not shared by other anions. The action of excess iodide was blocked by methimazole. We suggest that excess iodide stimulates thyroid hormone secretion by increasing intrathyroidal concentrations of cyclic AMP in the absence of TSH, and that this increase in cyclic AMP concentration is blocked by methimazole.