Werno Anja M, Murdoch David R
Department of Microbiology, Canterbury Health Laboratories, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Mar 15;46(6):926-32. doi: 10.1086/528798.
The laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) continues to rely on culture-based methods that have been used for many decades. The most significant recent developments have occurred with antigen detection assays, whereas the role of nucleic acid amplification tests has yet to be fully clarified. Despite developments in laboratory diagnostics, a microbiological diagnosis is still not made in most cases of IPD, particularly for pneumococcal pneumonia. The limitations of existing diagnostic tests impact the ability to obtain accurate IPD burden data and to assess the effectiveness of control measures, such as vaccination, in addition to the ability to diagnose IPD in individual patients. There is an urgent need for improved diagnostic tests for pneumococcal disease--especially tests that are suitable for use in underresourced countries.
侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病（IPD）的实验室诊断仍然依赖于已使用数十年的基于培养的方法。最近最重要的进展发生在抗原检测试验方面，而核酸扩增试验的作用尚未完全明确。尽管实验室诊断有所发展，但在大多数IPD病例中，尤其是肺炎球菌肺炎，仍无法进行微生物学诊断。现有诊断测试的局限性影响了获取准确的IPD负担数据以及评估控制措施（如疫苗接种）有效性的能力，此外还影响了对个体患者进行IPD诊断的能力。迫切需要改进肺炎球菌疾病的诊断测试——特别是适用于资源匮乏国家的测试。
