Elvsåshagen Torbjørn, Malt Ulrik Fredrik
Avdeling for nevropsykiatri og psykosomatisk medisin, Nevroklinikken, Rikshospitalet 0027 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2008 Jan 31;128(3):298-302.
Neurobiological research indicates that the adult central nervous system is more plastic than previously believed. This article reviews structural plasticity in the adult central nervous system.
This review is based on literature retrieved from PubMed using the search terms "ltp AND learning", "synaptic AND structural plasticity", "adult AND neurogenesis", "pathology AND neurogenesis" and "MRI AND cortical plasticity".
Animal studies indicate that a minority of synapses turn over in the adult central nervous system. Learning is associated with increased synaptogenesis. In the adult human brain neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb. Adult neurogenesis may contribute to some types of hippocampal-dependent learning, as well as to olfactory function. Increased neurogenesis in ischemic stroke and Huntington's disease indicates an endogenous regenerative response. Enhancing neurogenesis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy. In the adult human brain learning and medication can induce changes in grey matter detectable with MR-based morphometry. Emerging knowledge of neuroplasticity will have implications for theories of learning and treatment of disorders in the central nervous system.
神经生物学研究表明，成体中枢神经系统比之前认为的更具可塑性。本文综述了成体中枢神经系统的结构可塑性。
本综述基于从PubMed检索到的文献，检索词为“长时程增强与学习”、“突触与结构可塑性”、“成体与神经发生”、“病理学与神经发生”以及“磁共振成像与皮质可塑性”。
动物研究表明，在成体中枢神经系统中，少数突触会更新。学习与突触形成增加有关。在成体人脑中，神经发生发生在海马体和嗅球。成体神经发生可能有助于某些类型的海马体依赖性学习以及嗅觉功能。缺血性中风和亨廷顿舞蹈病中神经发生增加表明存在内源性再生反应。增强神经发生可能代表一种新的治疗策略。在成体人脑中，学习和药物治疗可引起基于磁共振成像的形态测量学可检测到的灰质变化。神经可塑性的新知识将对学习理论和中枢神经系统疾病的治疗产生影响。
