Achtziger Anja, Gollwitzer Peter M, Sheeran Paschal
Universität Konstanz, Germany.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2008 Mar;34(3):381-93. doi: 10.1177/0146167207311201.
Forming an implementation intention or "if-then plan" promotes the attainment of different types of goals (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006). So far, research on implementation intentions has focused on the initiation of goal striving, whereas the issue of shielding of ongoing goal striving has been largely neglected. In two field experiments concerned with dieting (Study 1) and athletic goals (Study 2), goal shielding was supported by implementation intentions geared at controlling potentially interfering inner states (i.e., cravings for junk food in Study 1, and disruptive thoughts, feelings, and physiological states in Study 2). In both experiments, forming if-then plans enhanced the rate of goal attainment. Thus, implementation intention formation can be used to promote the realization of desired outcomes not only by facilitating getting started with goal striving but also by preventing goal striving from straying off course.
形成执行意图或“如果-那么计划”有助于实现不同类型的目标（戈尔维策，1999年；戈尔维策和希兰，2006年）。到目前为止，关于执行意图的研究主要集中在目标追求的启动上，而持续目标追求的屏蔽问题在很大程度上被忽视了。在两项关于节食（研究1）和运动目标（研究2）的实地实验中，旨在控制潜在干扰内心状态（即研究1中对垃圾食品的渴望，以及研究2中干扰性的想法、感受和生理状态）的执行意图支持了目标屏蔽。在这两项实验中，形成如果-那么计划都提高了目标实现的比率。因此，形成执行意图不仅可以通过促进开始目标追求来推动期望结果的实现，还可以通过防止目标追求偏离轨道来实现。
